Drowning Happens Fast: Here’s How to Stay Safe
July 28, 2025
When news broke about the drowning death of The Cosby Show actor Malcolm-Jamal Warner while swimming in Costa Rica, it was a heartbreaking reminder of how dangerous the water can be – even for adults.
Every year, more than 4,500 Americans drown. And for kids ages 1 to 4, drowning is the number one cause of accidental death.
In one weekend in July, three drowning incidents happened in New Jersey alone. Two were deadly, and the third left a child seriously hurt. The experts at Hackensack Meridian Children’s Health want every family to understand the risks and how to help keep loved ones safe around water.
“While young children are at the highest risk, drowning can happen to anyone,” says Virteeka Sinha, M.D., medical director of pediatric emergency medicine at Joseph M. Sanzari Children’s Hospital. “Even strong swimmers can drown if they’re exhausted, get a cramp or have a medical emergency.”
And while we all know drowning can happen fast, it’s how fast that might surprise you.
“In the time it takes to check a text, pour a drink or reapply sunscreen, a child can drown,” says Marie Grace Ponce, M.D., medical director of pediatric emergency medicine at K. Hovnanian Children’s Hospital. “And it’s often completely silent.”
What About “Dry Drowning”?
You may have heard of “dry drowning” or “secondary drowning.” These terms describe rare, but dangerous, breathing problems that can happen after someone gets out of the water.
Here’s what you need to know:
- Dry drowning happens when water near the airway causes the vocal cords to spasm and close, making it hard to breathe.
- Secondary drowning happens when water gets into the lungs, causing inflammation or fluid buildup. This can lead to serious breathing trouble – even hours later.
Watch for these symptoms (even after they’re out of the water)
These dry drowning or secondary drowning symptoms could show up anywhere from one to 24 hours after a water incident:
- Acting very tired, confused or cranky
- Coughing a lot
- Fast or hard breathing
- Pale or blue lips/skin
- Trouble staying awake or passing out
If you notice any of these signs after your child has been swimming, call 911 or go to the nearest emergency department right away.
“It’s so important to watch kids closely even after they seem fine,” says Dr. Ponce. “Don’t let your guard down just because they’re out of the water.”
How to Keep Your Family Safe Around Water
A fun day by the water should never end in tragedy. With a few smart steps, you can lower the risk of drowning – whether you're at the beach, a lake or your own backyard pool.
Here’s what experts recommend:
- Always supervise kids around water: Don’t rely on lifeguards or flotation devices. Appoint a dedicated adult “water watcher” who stays alert and distraction-free.
- Learn how to swim – and teach your kids: Formal swimming lessons significantly reduce drowning risk for young children.
- Fence in home pools: Install four-sided fencing with self-closing, self-latching gates to keep little ones out when you’re not there to supervise.
- Respect open water: Oceans and lakes bring hidden dangers like rip currents and sudden drop-offs. Never underestimate their power.
- If you get caught in a rip current, swim parallel to the shore: Don’t try to fight it. Once you’re out of the current, swim back to land at an angle.
- Stay sober when swimming or supervising: Alcohol impairs judgment, coordination and reaction time.
- Know the signs of dry or secondary drowning: Watch closely for trouble breathing, coughing, confusion or excessive sleepiness after time in the water.
- Learn CPR: In an emergency, knowing how to respond before help arrives can be lifesaving.
- Make sure kids know how to call 911: Quick action makes all the difference in an emergency.
“Remember that even confident swimmers can drown,” says Dr. Sinha. “That’s why supervision and safety measures matter at every age.”
Next Steps & Resources
- Meet our sources: Virteeka Sinha, M.D. and Marie Grace Ponce, M.D.
- To make an appointment with a doctor near you, call 800-822-8905 or visit our website.
The material provided through HealthU is intended to be used as general information only and should not replace the advice of your physician. Always consult your physician for individual care.
